Attention: Due to technical issues resulting from web platform changes in progress, medical policy updates from May 1, 2024 through July 1, 2024 will not appear on the page below until later in July.
To find a list of the latest monthly medical policy updates, please refer to our Medical Policy Updates page.
The application of each Blue Shield of California medical policy is subject to regulatory requirements and/or plan specific benefits and limitations (Evidence of Coverage - EOC).
Goals of medical policy include:
- Ensuring safe and effective technologies
- Supporting an evidence-based approach to technology
- Providing current and pertinent information regarding technologies (devices, procedures for medical and behavioral health)
- Improving the quality of care and services provided through Blue Shield
Use medical policy information to provide Blue Shield members with the highest standard of evidence-based medical care that is safe and effective.
Medical Benefit Drug Policy
View medical benefit drug policy in our Medication Policy section:
Medical policy index
Use this alphabetical index to find Blue Shield medical policies, and review requirements and criteria for new technologies, devices and procedures. The policies are updated frequently - see latest updates.
Find a medical policy for your patients who are out-of-area Blue plan members
Preventive Health Guidelines (PDF, 148KB)
Medical policy list
- Ablation of Peripheral Nerves to Treat Pain
- Absorbable Nasal Implant for Treatment of Nasal Valve Collapse
- Actigraphy
- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Autologous Fat Grafting to the Breast
- Adjustable Cranial Orthoses for Positional Plagiocephaly and Craniosynostoses
- Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Allogeneic Pancreas Transplant
- Allograft Injection for Degenerative Disc Disease
- Ambulatory Event Monitors and Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry
- Ambulatory Surgery Center
- Amniotic Membrane and Amniotic Fluid
- Aqueous Shunts and Stents for Glaucoma
- Auditory Brainstem Implant
- Autografts and Allografts in the Treatment of Focal Articular Cartilage Lesions
- Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Focal Articular Cartilage Lesions
- Autologous Platelet-Derived Growth Factors for Wound Healing and Other Non‒Orthopedic Conditions
- Automated Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients with Elevated Office Blood Pressure
- Autonomic Nervous System Testing
- Axillary Reverse Mapping for Prevention of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
- Balloon Dilation of the Eustachian Tube
- Balloon Ostial Dilation for Treatment of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis
- Bariatric Surgery
- Baroreflex Stimulation Devices
- Behavioral Health Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Bioengineered Skin and Soft Tissue Substitutes
- Biofeedback as a Treatment of Chronic Pain
- Biofeedback as a Treatment of Fecal Incontinence or Constipation
- Biofeedback as a Treatment of Headache
- Biofeedback as a Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Adults
- Biofeedback for Miscellaneous Indications
- Bioimpedance Devices for Detection and Management of Lymphedema
- Biomarker Testing in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
- Biventricular Pacemakers (Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy) for the Treatment of Heart Failure
- Blepharoplasty, Blepharoptosis Repair (Levator Resection) and Brow Lift (Repair of Brow Ptosis)
- Bone Mineral Density Studies
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein
- Bone Turnover Markers for the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis and Diseases Associated With High Bone Turnover
- Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Using Permanently Implanted Seeds
- Bronchial Thermoplasty
- Bronchial Valves
- Cardiac Applications of Positron Emission Tomography Scanning
- Cardiac Hemodynamic Monitoring for the Management of Heart Failure in the Outpatient Setting
- Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Outpatient Setting
- Catheter Ablation as Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation
- Catheter Ablation for Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Cellular Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer
- Cervical Spine Surgery
- Charged-Particle (Proton or Helium Ion) Radiotherapy for Neoplastic Conditions
- Chelation Therapy for Off-Label Uses
- Chemical Peels
- Chromoendoscopy as an Adjunct to Colonoscopy
- Chronic Intermittent Intravenous Insulin Therapy
- Cleft Palate - Dental Related Services
- Closure Devices for Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defects
- Cochlear Implant
- Cognitive Rehabilitation
- Composite Tissue Allotransplantation of the Hand and Face
- Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging of the Brain
- Computer-Aided Evaluation of Malignancy With Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast
- Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring
- Continuous Passive Motion in the Home Setting
- Cooling Devices Used in the Outpatient Setting
- Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking
- Corneal Topography/Computer-Assisted Corneal Topography/Photokeratoscopy
- Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation and Auricular Electrostimulation
- Cryoablation of Tumors Located in the Kidney, Lung, Breast, Pancreas, or Bone
- Cryoablation, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Laser Ablation for Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis
- Cryosurgical Ablation of Primary or Metastatic Liver Tumors
- Deep Brain Stimulation
- Dental Anesthesia
- Dermatologic Applications of Photodynamic Therapy
- Diabetes Prevention Program
- Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
- Digital Health Technologies for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Digital Health Technologies: Diagnostic Applications
- Digital Health Technologies: Therapeutic Applications
- Dopamine Transporter Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- Drug Testing in Pain Management and Substance Use Disorder Treatment
- Dry Hydrotherapy for Chronic Pain Conditions
- Dry Needling of Trigger Points for Myofascial Pain
- Dynamic Posturography
- Dynamic Spinal Visualization and Vertebral Motion Analysis
- Elective Invasive Coronary Angiography (ICA)
- Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
- Electrical Bone Growth Stimulation of the Appendicular Skeleton
- Electrical and Electromagnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Arthritis
- Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy
- Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies
- Electronic Brachytherapy for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
- Electrostimulation and Electromagnetic Therapy for Treating Wounds
- Endobronchial Brachytherapy
- Endobronchial Ultrasound for Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer
- Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation or Cryoablation for Barrett Esophagus
- Endothelial Keratoplasty
- Endovascular Procedures for Intracranial Arterial Disease (Atherosclerosis and Aneurysms)
- Endovascular Stent Grafts for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
- Endovascular Stent Grafts for Disorders of the Thoracic Aorta
- Endovascular Therapies for Extracranial Vertebral Artery Disease
- Enhanced External Counterpulsation
- Epidural Spine Injections
- Esophageal pH Monitoring
- Evaluation of Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease
- External Insulin Infusion Pump
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Adult Conditions
- Extracorporeal Photopheresis
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis and Other Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenting
- Eyelid Thermal Pulsation for the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome
- Facet Arthroplasty
- Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis
- Fecal Calprotectin Testing
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
- Focal Treatments for Prostate Cancer
- Fractional Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Ablation Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars or Keloids for Functional Improvement
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain
- Functional Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
- Gastric Electrical Stimulation
- Gender Affirmation Surgery
- Gene Expression Profile Testing and Circulating Tumor DNA Testing for Predicting Recurrence in Colon Cancer
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Panels Using Next-Generation Sequencing
- Genetic Testing for Alpha Thalassemia
- Genetic Testing for Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Congenital Anomalies
- Genetic Testing for Hereditary Hemochromatosis
- Genetic Testing for Lactase Insufficiency
- Genetic Testing for Lynch Syndrome and Other Inherited Colon Cancer Syndromes
- Genetic Testing: Aortopathies and Connective Tissue Disorders
- Genetic Testing: Cardiac Disorders
- Genetic Testing: Dermatologic Conditions
- Genetic Testing: Exome and Genome Sequencing For The Diagnosis Of Genetic Disorders
- Genetic Testing: Eye Disorders
- Genetic Testing: General Approach to Genetic and Molecular Testing
- Genetic Testing for Hereditary Hearing Loss
- Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (Non-Cancerous)
- Genetic Testing: Immune, Autoimmune, and Rheumatoid Disorders
- Genetic Testing: Kidney Disorders
- Genetic Testing: Lung Disorders
- Genetic Testing: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Mitochondrial Disorders
- Genetic Testing: Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS)/ Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)
- Genetic Testing: Pharmacogenetics
- Genetic Testing: Preimplantation Genetic Testing
- Genetic Testing: Prenatal Diagnosis (Via Amniocentesis, CVS, or PUBS) and Pregnancy Loss
- Genetic Testing: Prenatal and Preconception Carrier Screening
- Genetic Testing: Skeletal Dysplasia and Rare Bone Disorders
- Germline Genetic Testing for Familial Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CDKN2A, CDK4)
- Germline Genetic Testing for Gene Variants Associated With Breast Cancer in Individuals at High Breast Cancer Risk (CHEK2, ATM, and BARD1)
- Germline Genetic Testing for Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Syndrome and Other High-Risk Cancers (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2)
- Germline Genetic Testing for Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (CDH1, CTNNA1)
- Germline Genetic Testing for Ovarian Cancer Risk (BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D, NBN)
- Germline Genetic Testing for Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility Genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDKN2A, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, PMS2, STK11, and TP53)
- Germline and Somatic Biomarker Testing for Targeted Treatment and Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2, Homologous Recombination Deficiency, Tumor Mutational Burden, Microsatellite Instability/Mismatch Repair)
- Germline and Somatic Biomarker Testing for Targeted Treatment and Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer (BRCA1/2, Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Alterations, Microsatellite Instability/Mismatch Repair, Tumor Mutational Burden)
- Handheld Radiofrequency Spectroscopy for Intraoperative Assessment of Surgical Margins During Breast-Conserving Surgery
- Heart Transplant
- Heart-Lung Transplant
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Autoimmune Diseases
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors and Ependymoma
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Miscellaneous Solid Tumors in Adults
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Plasma Cell Dyscrasias, Including Multiple Myeloma and POEMS Syndrome
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Primary Amyloidosis
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Solid Tumors of Childhood
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Germ Cell Tumors
- Hip Arthroplasty for Adults
- Hip Resurfacing
- Hippotherapy
- Home Cardiorespiratory Monitoring
- Home Non-Invasive Positive Airway Pressure Devices for the Treatment of Respiratory Insufficiency and Failure
- Homocysteine Testing in the Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Venous Thromboembolic Disease
- Human Leukocyte Antigen Testing for Celiac Disease
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
- Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Select Intra-Abdominal and Pelvic Malignancies
- Hysterectomy Surgery for Benign Conditions
- Identification of Microorganisms Using Nucleic Acid Probes
- Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Decompression for Spinal Stenosis
- Immediate and Delayed Lymphatic Reconstruction Surgery
- Immune Cell Function Assay
- Implantable Bone-Conduction and Bone-Anchored Hearing Aids
- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
- Ingestible pH and Pressure Capsule
- Inhaled Nitric Oxide
- Injectable Bulking Agents for the Treatment of Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
- Injectable Clostridial Collagenase for Fibroproliferative Disorders
- Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy of the Breast and Lung
- Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy of the Prostate
- Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Abdomen, Pelvis and Chest
- Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Cancer of the Head and Neck or Thyroid
- Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Central Nervous System Tumors
- Interferential Current Stimulation
- Interim Positron Emission Tomography Scanning in Oncology to Detect Early Response During Treatment
- Interventions for Progressive Scoliosis
- Intracavitary Balloon Catheter Brain Brachytherapy for Malignant Gliomas or Metastasis to the Brain
- Intracellular Micronutrient Analysis
- Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition
- Intraocular Radiotherapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring
- Intraoperative Radiotherapy
- Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric Disorders
- Islet Transplantation for Chronic Pancreatitis and Donislecel-jujn for Type 1 Diabetes
- Isolated Small Bowel Transplant
- Keratoprosthesis
- Kidney Transplant
- Knee Arthroplasty for Adults
- Knee Arthroscopy in Knee Osteoarthritis
- Knee Braces (Custom)
- Laparoscopic, Percutaneous, and Transcervical Techniques for Uterine Fibroid Myolysis
- Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Neurological Conditions
- Laser Treatment of Onychomycosis
- Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers
- Lifestyle Modification Program for Reversing Heart Disease
- Lipid Apheresis
- Liver Transplant and Combined Liver-Kidney Transplant
- Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Fracture Healing Device
- Low-Level Laser Therapy
- Lower Limb Prostheses
- Lumbar Spine Surgery
- Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Severe Emphysema
- Lung and Lobar Lung Transplant
- Lysis of Epidural Adhesions
- Magnetic Esophageal Sphincter Augmentation to Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy of the Prostate
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound
- Magnetoencephalography/Magnetic Source Imaging
- Manipulation Under Anesthesia
- Maternal Serum Biomarkers for Prediction of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes
- Measurement of Serum Antibodies to Selected Biologic Agents
- Medical Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
- Meniscal Allografts and Other Meniscal Implants
- Microprocessor-Controlled Prostheses for the Lower Limb
- Microwave Tumor Ablation
- Minimally Invasive Ablation Procedures for Morton and Other Peripheral Neuromas
- Minimally Invasive Approaches to Vertebral Fractures and Osteolytic Lesions of the Spine
- Miscellaneous (Noncardiac, Nononcologic) Applications of Fluorine 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
- Monitored Anesthesia Care
- Multicancer Early Detection Testing
- Multitarget Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis
- Myocardial Strain Imaging
- Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation Imaging in Patients With Heart Failure
- Myoelectric Prosthetic and Orthotic Components for the Upper Limb
- Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Outpatient Setting
- Nerve Fiber Density Measurement
- Nerve Graft with Radical Prostatectomy
- Neural Therapy
- Neurofeedback
- Neuropsychological Testing
- Noncontact Ultrasound Treatment for Wounds
- Noninvasive Techniques for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Patients With Chronic Liver Disease
- Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Rosacea
- Nutrient/Nutritional Panel Testing
- Occipital Nerve Stimulation
- Oncologic Applications of Photodynamic Therapy, Including Barrett Esophagus
- Oncology: Algorithmic (Genetic Expression) Testing
- Oncology: Cancer Screening
- Oncology: Circulating Tumor DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells (Liquid Biopsy)
- Oncology: Cytogenetic Testing
- Oncology: Molecular Analysis Of Solid Tumors And Hematologic Malignancies
- Open and Thoracoscopic Approaches to Treat Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter (Maze and Related Procedures)
- Ophthalmologic Techniques That Evaluate the Posterior Segment for Glaucoma
- Optical Coherence Tomography of the Anterior Eye Segment
- Orthognathic Surgery
- Orthopedic Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma
- Orthopedic Applications of Stem Cell Therapy (Including Allografts and Bone Substitutes Used with Autologous Bone Marrow)
- Orthoptic Training for the Treatment of Vision or Learning Disabilities
- Oscillatory Devices for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Respiratory Conditions
- Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation
- Ovarian and Internal Iliac Vein Endovascular Occlusion as a Treatment of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
- Panniculectomy, Abdominoplasty, and Surgical Management of Diastasis Recti
- Paraspinal Surface Electromyography to Evaluate and Monitor Back Pain
- Paravertebral Facet Joint Injections or Blocks
- Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears and Acromioplasty/Subacromial Decompression
- Patient-Controlled End of Range Motion Stretching Devices
- Pelvic Floor Stimulation as a Treatment of Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
- Percutaneous Balloon Kyphoplasty, Radiofrequency Kyphoplasty, and Mechanical Vertebral Augmentation
- Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy, and Restorative Neurostimulation Therapy
- Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
- Percutaneous and Subcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation
- Peripheral Subcutaneous Field Stimulation
- Periureteral Bulking Agents as a Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux
- Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia and Gastroparesis
- Personalized Breast Cancer Screening Clinical Trial
- Photodynamic Therapy for Choroidal Neovascularization
- Phrenic Nerve Stimulation For Central Sleep Apnea
- Physical Therapy
- Plugs for Anal Fistula Repair
- Pneumatic Compression Pumps for Treatment of Lymphedema and Venous Ulcers
- Polysomnography for Non-Respiratory Sleep Disorders
- Postsurgical Home Use of Limb Compression Devices for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis
- Power Morcellation for the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids
- Power Wheelchairs and Power Operated Vehicles for Permanent Use
- Powered Exoskeleton for Ambulation in Patients With Lower-Limb Disabilities
- Progenitor Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Damaged Myocardium due to Ischemia
- Prolotherapy
- Prostatic Urethral Lift
- Proteogenomic Testing for Patients with Cancer
- Proteomic Testing for Targeted Therapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
- Quantitative Electroencephalography as a Diagnostic Aid for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Quantitative Sensory Testing
- Radiation Oncology
- Radioactive Seed Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions
- Radioembolization for Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Liver
- Radiofrequency Ablation of Miscellaneous Solid Tumors Excluding Liver Tumors
- Radiofrequency Ablation of Primary or Metastatic Liver Tumors
- Radiofrequency Ablation of the Renal Sympathetic Nerves as a Treatment for Resistant or Uncontrolled Hypertension
- Radiofrequency Coblation Tenotomy for Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Reconstructive Breast Surgery/Management of Breast Implants
- Reconstructive Services
- Reduction Mammaplasty for Breast-Related Symptoms
- Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines
- Reproductive Techniques
- Responsive Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Refractory Focal Epilepsy
- Retinal Prosthesis
- Retinal Telescreening for Diabetic Retinopathy
- Risk-Reducing Mastectomy
- Sacral Nerve Neuromodulation/Stimulation
- Sacroiliac Joint Injections
- Saturation Biopsy for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Prostate Cancer
- Scintimammography and Gamma Imaging of the Breast and Axilla
- Selected Positron Emission Tomography Technologies for Evaluation of Alzheimer Disease
- Semi-Implantable and Fully Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Aids
- Sensory Integration Therapy and Auditory Integration Therapy
- Serologic Genetic and Molecular Screening for Colorectal Cancer
- Serum Biomarker Human Epididymis Protein 4
- Serum Biomarker Panel Testing for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Connective Tissue Diseases
- Small Bowel/Liver and Multivisceral Transplant
- Speech Therapy
- Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Headache
- Spinal Cord and Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation
- Spine Surgery and Pain Management (summary of changes effective January 1, 2017)
- Stationary Ultrasonic Diathermy Devices
- Stem Cell Therapy for Peripheral Arterial Disease
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
- Steroid-Eluting Sinus Stents and Implants
- Subtalar Arthroereisis
- Surgery for Groin Pain in Athletes
- Surgical Deactivation of Headache Trigger Sites
- Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
- Surgical Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement
- Surgical Treatment of Gynecomastia
- Surgical Treatment of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
- Surgical Ventricular Restoration
- Suture Button Suspensionplasty Fixation System for Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
- Synthetic Cartilage Implants for Joint Pain
- Targeted Phototherapy and Psoralen with Ultraviolet A for Vitiligo
- Temporarily Implanted Nitinol Device (iTind) for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorder
- Testing Serum Vitamin D Levels
- Thermography
- Thoracic Spine Surgery
- Total Artificial Hearts and Implantable Ventricular Assist Devices
- Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery
- Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation for Aortic Stenosis
- Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization to Treat Primary or Metastatic Liver Malignancies
- Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair
- Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment of Depression and Other Psychiatric/Neurologic Disorders
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
- Transesophageal Endoscopic Therapies for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Transurethral Water Vapor Thermal Therapy and Transurethral Water Jet Ablation (Aquablation) for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
- Treatment of Hyperhidrosis
- Treatment of Tinnitus
- Treatment of Varicose Veins/Venous Insufficiency
- Trigger Point and Tender Point Injections
- Tumor Treating Fields Therapy
- Ultrasonographic Measurement of Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness as an Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis
- Uterus Transplantation for Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation
- Vertebral Axial Decompression
- Vertebral Fracture Assessment With Densitometry
- Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib
- Virtual Colonoscopy/Computed Tomography Colonography
- Viscocanalostomy and Canaloplasty
- Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
- Whole Body Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry to Determine Body Composition
- Whole Gland Cryoablation of Prostate Cancer
- Wireless Capsule Endoscopy for Gastrointestinal (GI) Disorders